{"id":4278,"date":"2020-04-02T09:02:11","date_gmt":"2020-04-02T06:02:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.taninmismakina.com\/?p=4278"},"modified":"2024-05-14T13:41:53","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T10:41:53","slug":"sogutma-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.taninmismakina.com\/en\/sogutma-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Refrigeration?"},"content":{"rendered":"

So\u011futma nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bir maddenin veya ortam\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onu \u00e7evreleyen ortam\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na indirgemek ve orada muhafaza etmek \u00fczere \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015flemine denir.<\/p>\n

So\u011futma tarihi \u00f6zeti<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u201cSo\u011futma ve \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz modern ko\u015fullardaki gibi olmasa da eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri uygulanmaktad\u0131r. M.\u00d6 1100 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar geceleri a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6recek \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilen seramik testilerde suyu so\u011futmu\u015flard\u0131r.”\u00a0Bu so\u011futma \u015feklinin, gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve \u0131\u015f\u0131nma (radyasyon) yolu ile g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne iletilmesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tarihte basit ve eski so\u011futma \u015fekli olarak so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerden buz k\u00fctleleri al\u0131n\u0131p, buzlar muhafaza edilmekte ve \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nmak istenen yerlere bu buz k\u00fctleleri yerle\u015ftirilerek so\u011futma sa\u011flanmakta idi. Bu uygulama bug\u00fcn dahi baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

1755 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dr. William Cullen, eline eter s\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra meydana gelen buharla\u015fmayla elinde serinlik hissetmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece ilk mekanik so\u011futman\u0131n temelini atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu olaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Dr. William 1775 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vakum prensibine dayal\u0131 buz yapma makinas\u0131n\u0131 imal etmi\u015f fakat bu cihaz laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda kalarak daha fazla geli\u015fememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1792 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pellas isimli Norve\u00e7li ka\u015fifin y\u00f6netti\u011fi bir grup, Sibirya Lena Nehri yak\u0131n\u0131nda kamp kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Is\u0131nmak i\u00e7in kamp yerine bir \u00e7ad\u0131r kuran grup bir m\u00fcddet sonra k\u00f6peklerin havlama sesine dikkat kesilmi\u015f ve k\u00f6peklerin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye gidip karlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fc bir mamut g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Mamuttan et par\u00e7as\u0131 al\u0131p pi\u015firdikten sonra etin bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark eden bu grup so\u011fuk ortamda besinlerin uzun s\u00fcre muhafaza edilebildi\u011fine dair kan\u0131tlar\u0131yla tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fcy\u00fc duyan bilim adamlar\u0131 da so\u011futma i\u015fine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vererek bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu tarihten sonra evlerde buz saklanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikle de yiyeceklerin muhafazas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ticari maksatla ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck buz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 1806 y\u0131l\u0131nda FredericTudor taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 20\u2019li ya\u015flarda olan ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131 Tudor, Boston ve Mainz b\u00f6lgesinde buz tutmu\u015f g\u00f6llerden ve su birikintilerinden buz par\u00e7alar\u0131 kesip alm\u0131\u015f ve bunu tropikal iklimlerde ya\u015fayan zenginlere satma fikrini hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn milat noktas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201cTheIceKing\u201d ad\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan bu \u015fah\u0131s ilk maceras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda para kaybetmi\u015f ancak zarar\u0131n tamam\u0131yla depolama olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha sonra anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1850 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ise buz depolama olanaklar\u0131n\u0131<\/p>\n

iyile\u015ftirerek 150.000 ton hacmine ula\u015fan buz ticaretine devam etmi\u015ftir. Buz satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda \u0130ran, Hindistan, G\u00fcney Amerika gibi \u00fclkeler bulunuyordu. Gemisi ortalama 53 limana u\u011frayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda kazan\u00e7 elde etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Buz ile elde edilen so\u011futma \u015feklinin, zaman ve mekan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011fu kez pratik ve ucuz bir so\u011futma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fikard\u0131r. Bunun yerine mekanik ara\u00e7 ve cihazlarla yap\u0131lacak so\u011futma tercih edilir. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mda ise So\u011futma Bilimi devreye girer. Laboratuar deneyi kapsam\u0131nda ilk yapay so\u011futma 1748 y\u0131l\u0131nda Glaskow \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Prof. William Cullen taraf\u0131ndan eterin k\u0131smi vakum alt\u0131nda buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir t\u0131p doktoru olan John Gorrie (1803-1855) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ilk defa ticari gaye ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan so\u011futma makinas\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015f ve \u201cKlima So\u011futma Ticari Buz imali\u201d konular\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

(1844 Apalachicola,Florida, ABD)<\/p>\n

Uygulama alan\u0131nda ise ilk defa 1860 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dr.James Harrison (Avustralya) \u00fcretim i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda biray\u0131 so\u011futmak maksad\u0131yla mekanik so\u011futmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Evlerde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere so\u011futucu (Buzdolab\u0131) yap\u0131m\u0131 1910 y\u0131llar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Otomatik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan buzdolaplar\u0131 ilk defa 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda KelvinatorCompany taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretildi ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 67 adet sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki<\/a><\/p>\n

[1]\u00d6zkol,(2007:1)<\/p>\n

[1]history.com\/news\/the-man-who-shipped-new-england-ice-around-the-world<\/a><\/p>\n

[1] Bkz. \u00d6zkol (2007)<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

So\u011futma nedir? Bir maddenin veya ortam\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onu \u00e7evreleyen ortam\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na indirgemek ve orada muhafaza etmek \u00fczere \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 […]<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nSo\u011futma Nedir? - Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Makina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"So\u011futma nedir? 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